Hyperpigmentation: What is it, and how can you treat it?

The creation of skin blemishes is a prevalent skin condition that arises when hair follicles beneath the skin's surface become obstructed. Sebum and dead skin cells can block pores, potentially causing outbreaks of spots or pimples. While these outbreaks commonly appear on the face, they can also manifest on other areas of the body, such as the back, chest, and shoulders.¹ Understanding the specific type of acne or blemish you're experiencing is paramount for effective treatment. Not all spots are identical, and a treatment suitable for one individual may not be appropriate for another. This article aims to dissect the different types of blemishes, considering their causes, characteristics, and locations, to offer bespoke recommendations. For a comprehensive skincare solution. Why do blemishes appear?  The primary causes include: • Excessive sebum production, often influenced by hormonal fluctuations.    • Blockage of hair follicles due to accumulated dead skin cells.    • Proliferation of the bacterium Cutibacterium acnes.    • Inflammation resulting from the body's immune response.   Additional contributing factors: • Hormonal shifts (menstruation, pregnancy, and contraceptive use).    • Genetic predisposition.    • Stress levels.    • Dietary influences (dairy products, foods with a high glycaemic index).    • Cosmetics that clog pores.    • The skin's microbiome and environmental elements such as humidity or pollution also play a significant role.   Classification of common types of blemishes Acne vulgaris Acne vulgaris is recognised as the most common form of acne. It's characterised by the presence of comedones (blackheads and whiteheads), papules (small, raised, red bumps), pustules (pus-filled pimples), and, in more severe instances, nodules and cysts. It typically manifests on the face, neck, chest, and back.   The severity of acne vulgaris can vary considerably, ranging from mild cases with a few comedones and papules to severe cases presenting numerous nodules and cysts. Treatment approaches vary based on severity and can include topical applications, oral medications, or a combination thereof. Consulting a dermatologist is crucial to determine the most suitable therapeutic strategy, considering individual characteristics and the extent of the lesions. Identifying the types of blemishes on face is key to effective management. Comedonal acne Comedonal acne represents a subtype of acne primarily characterised by comedones, namely blackheads (open comedones) and whiteheads (closed comedones). It arises from the obstruction of hair follicles with sebum and dead skin cells. This particular type of acne often responds favourably to topical treatments containing ingredients like salicylic acid or retinoids, which aid in exfoliating the skin and preventing pore blockages. Consistent cleansing with gentle products is also important to eliminate excess oil and dead skin cells. Avoiding comedogenic skincare and makeup products is crucial, as they can exacerbate the condition. Effective blemish treatment often starts with addressing comedonal acne. Inflammatory acne Inflammatory acne is a subtype of acne that manifests as papules and pustules—inflamed and reddened lesions. This inflammation is triggered by bacterial proliferation within obstructed follicles. Addressing inflammatory acne requires targeted anti blemish treatment. Treatment for inflammatory acne frequently involves the use of topical or oral antibiotics to curtail bacterial proliferation and reduce inflammation. Topical retinoids can also be beneficial in reducing comedone formation and promoting skin cell turnover. In more severe cases, oral isotretinoin may be considered. It's important to note that prolonged antibiotic use can lead to bacterial resistance, underscoring the importance of adhering to a dermatologist's guidance and exploring alternative treatments like light or laser therapies. Nodular and cystic acne Nodular acne is characterised by large, hard, and painful lumps beneath the skin's surface. Cystic acne represents one of the most severe forms, alongside acne conglobata, and is distinguished by pus-filled cysts that can result in permanent scarring. Both of these types generally require medical intervention. Cystic acne requires a specific and often aggressive treatment approach. Nodulocystic acne typically necessitates aggressive treatment, frequently involving oral isotretinoin—a medication that curtails sebum production, reduces inflammation, and prevents the development of new comedones. Due to the potential side effects associated with isotretinoin, treatment must be closely monitored by a dermatologist. Additional treatment options may include corticosteroid injections directly into the lesions to reduce inflammation and laser therapy to minimise scarring. Obtaining specialist medical care is essential for managing these conditions effectively. Acne conglobata Acne conglobata is an extremely severe form of acne, characterised by multiple interconnected nodules and cysts that can progress into ulcers and cause significant scarring. Acne keloidalis nuchae represents a rare variant of acne conglobata that affects the nape of the neck and scalp, leading to the formation of keloid lesions. Managing acne conglobata often requires a multifaceted approach. Acne conglobata is a debilitating condition that calls for a multidisciplinary approach, potentially involving oral isotretinoin, antibiotics, corticosteroids, and surgical intervention. Given its location and propensity for keloid formation, acne keloidalis nuchae can be particularly challenging to treat and may necessitate a combination of medical and surgical strategies. Securing specialist medical attention is paramount to effectively manage these severe forms of acne and minimise the risk of complications and permanent scarring.² What is the most suitable treatment for your type of acne or blemish? This depends on the specific type and severity of your acne, as well as your individual skin type. General treatment options include:  Topical treatments: • Retinoids: unclog pores and reduce inflammation.    • Benzoyl peroxide: eliminates bacteria.    • Salicylic acid: exfoliates the skin.    • Topical antibiotics: combat infection.   Consulting a dermatologist or healthcare professional is crucial for an accurate diagnosis and a tailored treatment plan that addresses your specific skin and acne type. Additionally, maintaining a balanced diet, engaging in regular exercise, managing stress, and adhering to a non-comedogenic skincare routine are essential. If you desire personalised support, specialised centres offer professional guidance and access to mesoestetic® treatments specifically formulated to meet your skin's unique needs.³ Understanding the different types of facial blemishes can help guide treatment choices. When should you consult a dermatologist? Seek professional advice if: • Your acne is severe (nodules, cysts, conglobata).    • Over-the-counter products fail to improve your condition.    • Your acne is causing scarring.    • It negatively impacts your self-esteem or overall wellbeing.    • You suspect that your acne is linked to medication or cosmetics.  Understanding the different types of blemishes and acne, including what is acne and the different types of facial blemishes, is crucial for selecting the most effective treatment approach. Patience and the right strategy can help you achieve clearer, healthier skin. Scientific references ¹ https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/informacion-de-salud/acne ² https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/acne/causes ³ https://www.healthline.com/health/skin/acne

Discover how microneedling under the eyes helps reduce dark circles, fine lines, and puffiness. Explore benefits, expert tips, and mesoestetic® care. Microneedling has become a widely used aesthetic procedure for treating various skin issues. When it is specifically applied to the delicate under-eye area, the results can be especially beneficial. This article explores the mechanisms behind the microneedling, the potential benefits, and key considerations before starting the treatment. At mesoestetic®, we are dedicated to providing evidence-based skincare solutions, and this guide demonstrates our commitment to professional skincare practices. If you're thinking about revitalizing your under-eye area, it's important to understand how microneedling works and what to expect. You can also explore treatment centers near you that offer this service. What is microneedling and how does it work under the eyes? Microneedling, or collagen induction therapy, involves the use of a device with tiny needles to create controlled micro-injuries on the skin’s surface. These micro-injuries trigger the body’s natural healing processes. When applied around the eyes, the technique encourages the production of collagen and elastin—two proteins crucial for skin structure and elasticity. This can lead to smoother skin, fewer fine lines and wrinkles, and an overall healthier appearance.¹ Microneedling under the eyes requires careful execution due to the area’s sensitivity. Devices used for under-eye microneedling are often specially designed to ensure precision and safety, with adjustable depth and angle settings to tailor the treatment to specific concerns such as dark circles or fine lines. Key benefits of microneedling for the eye area Microneedling provides a range of benefits for the under-eye region²: Reduction of fine lines and wrinkles: stimulates collagen, softening lines and giving a more youthful look. Diminished dark circles: may help improve dark circles related to poor circulation or thin skin, but results vary depending on the underlying cause. Improved skin texture: boosts cell turnover and collagen production, making the skin smoother. Enhanced product absorption: the micro-channels formed during treatment allow skincare products to penetrate deeper. Microneedling is gaining popularity as it addresses multiple under-eye concerns at once. At mesoestetic®, we create products that complement microneedling treatments. Beyond immediate improvements, microneedling promotes long-term skin health. Increased collagen production helps reduce current wrinkles and prevent new ones. Better circulation leads to more vibrant skin, and enhanced product absorption means better delivery of active ingredients like antioxidants and peptides. Regular sessions, along with a good skincare routine, can maintain a youthful under-eye appearance. What to know before starting Before you begin microneedling for the under-eye area, it’s important to be well-prepared. Key points include³: Consultation with a professional: a dermatologist or skincare expert should assess your skin and determine if microneedling is appropriate. Realistic expectations: results vary, and multiple sessions may be needed. Pre-treatment care: you may be advised to avoid products or treatments that increase sensitivity. Post-treatment care: includes avoiding sun exposure, using gentle products, and keeping the area moisturized. Potential side effects: mild redness, swelling, and discomfort are common and temporary. Rarely, infection or scarring may occur. Downtime: minimal, though redness or swelling may persist longer in delicate areas like the under eyes. Also, share your medical history and current medications with your practitioner. Some health conditions or drugs can affect healing or increase the risk of side effects. For example, people with a history of cold sores may need antiviral medications, and those on blood thinners may bruise more easily. Who is a good candidate for eye microneedling? Ideal candidates typically: Have mild to moderate wrinkles or fine lines. Experience dark circles or under-eye bags. Have generally healthy skin. Are not prone to keloid scarring. Are free from skin infections or conditions like eczema in the area. Are not pregnant or breastfeeding. Microneedling is not suitable for everyone. People with autoimmune diseases, bleeding disorders, or extremely sensitive skin should consult their doctor. Consistent sun protection and a good skincare routine also enhance treatment outcomes. mesoestetic®’s scientific expertise in skin rejuvenation At mesoestetic®, we are dedicated to advancing scientifically based skincare solutions. Our products are developed through rigorous research and formulated with high-quality ingredients to ensure both effectiveness and safety. We specialize in treatments tailored to sensitive areas such as the under-eye region. Our microneedling-compatible products are clinically tested and designed to enhance treatment outcomes. Education is also a key pillar of our philosophy—we provide comprehensive training for skincare professionals to promote safe application techniques and uphold the highest standards of care. This holistic approach ensures that clients receive consistent support and achieve optimal results. Scientific references ¹ https://www.healthline.com/health/microneedling ² https://www.skinmedicine.co.uk/post/microneedling-under-eyes ³ https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168365923004479